44934045/mariadb_alpine

By 44934045

•Updated 5 months ago

MariaDB 11.4.10 on Alpine Linux

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Databases & storage

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44934045/mariadb_alpine repository overview

⁠MariaDB on Alpine Linux — Docker Image

A lightweight MariaDB⁠ Docker image built on top of Alpine Linux⁠, inspired by yobasystems/alpine-mariadb⁠.
For the official MariaDB image maintained by the MariaDB developer community, see hub.docker.com/_/mariadb⁠.

Compatible with 32-bit SOC boards, such as Raspberry Pi 3, Orange Pi PC, etc.


Docker Hub	hub.docker.com/r/44934045/mariadb_alpine⁠
Source Code	github.com/dantavares/docker-mariadb_alpine⁠

⁠Overview

Component	Version
Alpine Linux	latest (≥ 3.23.4)
MariaDB	latest (≥ 11.4.10)

Key characteristics:

Runs under the unprivileged mysql user (uid=1000, gid=1000 by default — both adjustable via environment variables).
Minimal footprint: only what is needed to run MariaDB is included.
Managed by dumb-init⁠ to ensure correct signal handling and graceful shutdown.
Automatically executes initialization scripts on first boot (see Initialization Scripts⁠).

⁠Volumes

Mount path	Purpose
`/var/lib/mysql`	Database data files
`/etc/my.cnf.d`	Configuration files and X.509 certificates

⁠Environment Variables

Variable	Required	Default	Description
`MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD`	No	(random)	Root password. If omitted on a fresh install, a random password is generated and printed to the log.
`MYSQL_DATABASE`	No	—	Name of the database to create on first boot.
`MYSQL_USER`	No	—	Application user granted full access to `MYSQL_DATABASE`. Requires `MYSQL_DATABASE` to be set.
`MYSQL_PASSWORD`	No	—	Password for `MYSQL_USER`.
`MYSQL_CHARSET`	No	`utf8`	Default character set for the created database.
`MYSQL_COLLATION`	No	`utf8_general_ci`	Default collation for the created database.
`PUID`	No	`1000`	UID to run the `mysql` service user as.
`PGID`	No	`1000`	GID to run the `mysql` service user as.
`TZ`	No	`UTC`	Container timezone (e.g. `America/Sao_Paulo`).
`VERBOSE`	No	`0`	Set to `1` for more detailed startup logs.

Note: MYSQL_USER is only created when MYSQL_DATABASE is also defined.
All variables that affect database creation are evaluated only on the first boot, when /var/lib/mysql/mysql does not yet exist.

⁠Initialization Scripts

On the first boot only, any files placed in /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/ are automatically executed after the initial database setup, in alphabetical order. Supported file types:

Extension	Behaviour
`.sh`	Executed as a shell script. Has full access to all container environment variables.
`.sql`	Imported directly into MariaDB.
`.sql.gz`	Decompressed on the fly and imported into MariaDB.

Files with any other extension are silently ignored.

How it works internally:

After the bootstrap phase, a temporary MariaDB instance is started on a local Unix socket (no TCP port is exposed).
The container waits until the server is ready to accept connections (up to 30 seconds).
Each file in /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/ is processed in order.
The temporary server is shut down gracefully before the final MariaDB process starts.

If MYSQL_DATABASE is defined, SQL scripts are executed with that database pre-selected — useful for dumps that do not contain a USE <database>; statement.

Example — mounting an init directory:

docker run -d \
  --name mariadb \
  --stop-timeout 60 \
  -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD="Hard2Gue$$Password" \
  -e MYSQL_DATABASE=myapp \
  -e MYSQL_USER=myuser \
  -e MYSQL_PASSWORD=mypassword \
  -v /your_data_dir:/var/lib/mysql \
  -v /your_init_dir:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d \
  -p 3306:3306 \
  44934045/mariadb_alpine

Files inside /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/ are only executed once.
On subsequent container starts the directory is ignored because the data volume already exists.

⁠Usage

⁠Creating a New Instance

docker run -d \
  --name mariadb \
  --stop-timeout 60 \
  -e VERBOSE=1 \
  -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD="Hard2Gue$$Password" \
  -e MYSQL_DATABASE=myapp \
  -e MYSQL_USER=myuser \
  -e MYSQL_PASSWORD=mypassword \
  -v /your_data_dir:/var/lib/mysql \
  -p 3306:3306 \
  44934045/mariadb_alpine

⁠Running with an Existing Database

docker run -d \
  --name mariadb \
  --stop-timeout 60 \
  -e VERBOSE=1 \
  -v /your_config_dir:/etc/my.cnf.d \
  -v /your_data_dir:/var/lib/mysql \
  -p 3306:3306 \
  44934045/mariadb_alpine

⁠Interactive MariaDB Shell

docker exec -it mariadb mariadb -u root -p

⁠Copy Default Configuration Files from the Container

docker cp mariadb:/etc/my.cnf.d/* ./config/

⁠Docker Compose

services:
  mariadb:
    image: 44934045/mariadb_alpine
    container_name: mariadb
    restart: unless-stopped
    stop_grace_period: 60s        # required for clean InnoDB shutdown
    ports:
      - "127.0.0.1:3306:3306"
    volumes:
      - db-data:/var/lib/mysql
      - ./init.sql:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/init.sql
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: yourpassword
      MYSQL_DATABASE: myapp
      MYSQL_USER: myuser
      MYSQL_PASSWORD: mypassword
      TZ: America/Sao_Paulo

volumes:
  db-data:

Important: stop_grace_period: 60s is required to allow InnoDB to flush data to disk before the container is forcibly killed. Without it, Docker's default 10-second timeout may cause an abrupt shutdown, resulting in a crash recovery (Recovering after a crash using tc.log) on the next startup. This setting cannot be embedded in the image itself and must always be defined at the orchestration level.

⁠Kubernetes / Pod Deployment

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: mariadb
  namespace: default
  labels:
    app: mariadb
    purpose: database
spec:
  terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 60   # required for clean InnoDB shutdown
  volumes:
    - name: maria-conf
      hostPath:
        path: /data/mariadb/conf
    - name: maria-data
      hostPath:
        path: /data/mariadb/db
  containers:
    - name: mariadb
      image: 44934045/mariadb_alpine
      env:
        - name: VERBOSE
          value: "1"
        - name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD
          value: "Hard2Gue$$Password"
        - name: MYSQL_DATABASE
          value: myapp
        - name: MYSQL_USER
          value: myuser
        - name: MYSQL_PASSWORD
          value: mypassword
      volumeMounts:
        - name: maria-conf
          mountPath: /etc/my.cnf.d
        - name: maria-data
          mountPath: /var/lib/mysql
      ports:
        - containerPort: 3306
          protocol: TCP

⁠TLS / Encrypted Connections

Copy your certificate and key files into the configuration volume (e.g. /data/mariadb/conf) and add the following to a file named server.cnf in that directory:

[server]
ssl=on
ssl-ca=/etc/my.cnf.d/ca-chain.pem
ssl-cert=/etc/my.cnf.d/server.crt
ssl-key=/etc/my.cnf.d/server.key

Connect a client over TLS:

mariadb -h <host> --ssl -u root -p

Verify the connection and cipher in use:

MariaDB [(none)]> STATUS;
-- Look for a line such as:
-- SSL: Cipher in use is TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384

For more information, refer to the MariaDB Secure Connections documentation⁠.

⁠Backup

⁠Using `mariadb-dump`

export MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD="Hard2Gue$$Password"

docker exec mariadb sh -c \
  "exec mariadb-dump --all-databases -uroot -p\"$MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD\"" \
  > /backup/all_databases.sql

To back up a single database:

docker exec mariadb sh -c \
  "exec mariadb-dump myapp -uroot -p\"$MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD\"" \
  > /backup/myapp.sql

⁠Restore

export MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD="Hard2Gue$$Password"

docker exec -i mariadb sh -c \
  "exec mariadb -uroot -p\"$MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD\"" \
  < /backup/all_databases.sql

⁠Upgrade

Upgrading between major MariaDB versions can be complex. Always read the official upgrade documentation⁠ first.

As a general guideline:

Back up all databases (see Backup⁠).
Pull the new image version.
Start the container pointing to the existing data volume.
Run mariadb-upgrade to update the system tables:

export MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD="Hard2Gue$$Password"

docker exec -it mariadb sh -c \
  "exec mariadb-upgrade -uroot -p\"$MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD\""

⁠License

This project is provided as-is under the GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE⁠.

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docker pull 44934045/mariadb_alpine